Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after one year of trying, despite not using any form of contraception. About 15% of couples worldwide experience infertility problems.
When Should Couples See a Doctor If Pregnancy Does Not Occur?
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Couples under 35 years of age should see a doctor if they have been trying for 12 months without contraception and pregnancy does not occur.
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For couples over 35 years of age, this period is 6 months.
In the Following Cases, Evaluation Can Begin Before the One-Year Wait:
For Women:
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Age over 35
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Amenorrhea (absence of periods) or irregular periods
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History of pelvic infection or endometriosis
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History of abdominal or pelvic surgery
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Abnormal examination findings
For Men:
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History of urogenital surgery
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History of sexually transmitted diseases
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Abnormal examination findings
Most Common Causes of Infertility
Female Factors:
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Ovulation-related issues: Failure to produce mature eggs or lack of ovulation.
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Cervical issues: Infection, tumors, secretion deficiencies.
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Uterine issues: Absence of the uterus, shape abnormalities, fibroids.
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Fallopian tube issues: Tubal blockage due to infections, surgery, or endometriosis.
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Other causes: Endometriosis, immune problems, psychological and sexual issues.
Male Factors:
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Sperm abnormalities: Low sperm count, poor motility, and abnormal sperm morphology.
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Blockages in the male reproductive system: Varicocele, hydrocele, undescended testicles.
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Other causes: Infections, trauma, diseases, psychological and sexual issues.
Both Male and Female Factors:
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Ovulation problems & low sperm count
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Tubal infections & sperm morphology issues.
Unexplained Infertility:
Around 10-15% of infertile couples have no identifiable cause for their infertility. In these cases, no problem is found that would prevent conception.
Treatment Methods:
Treatment varies depending on the cause of infertility. Medication, hormonal treatment, or surgery may be needed. Assisted reproductive techniques such as insemination (IUI) or IVF may also be applied. In the case of unexplained infertility, treatments such as ovulation induction, insemination, or IVF may be recommended based on the couple’s age and health status.
