The Importance of Prenatal Screening Tests: Double, Triple, and Quadruple Tests, Detailed Ultrasound, and Glucose Screening
Prenatal screening tests, such as double, triple, and quadruple tests, detailed ultrasound, and glucose screening, are essential and must be conducted on time.
There are misconceptions in society that lead to unnecessary concerns about these tests. However, it is important to understand that these are screening tests, not diagnostic tests.
The double, triple, and quadruple tests aim to assess risk levels based on results, allowing further evaluation for high-risk cases. Some may question why these tests are conducted if they are not diagnostic. The reason is to prevent unnecessary invasive tests such as amniocentesis or expensive procedures that analyze fetal DNA fragments in maternal blood.
Why Are Double, Triple, and Quadruple Screening Tests Conducted?
Among these tests, the most critical is the double screening test, which is performed between weeks 11 and 14. This test involves ultrasound measurements of the baby, assessment of nuchal translucency, and evaluation of the mother's weight. Additionally, blood samples from the mother are analyzed, and statistical data is generated based on all criteria. If the risk value falls below the threshold of 1/250 or 1/300, the pregnancy is classified as high-risk, and further testing is recommended. Recently, this threshold has been broadened, and additional screening is conducted if the risk is 1/1000 or lower to determine the necessity of further testing. The results of the double screening test do not confirm the presence or absence of a disease in the baby; they only provide a risk assessment. If a high risk is detected, advanced testing is conducted.
The triple and quadruple screening tests, performed between weeks 16 and 22, follow a similar methodology. Blood samples from the mother are analyzed, and hormonal results and ultrasound measurements are statistically evaluated to determine risk levels, guiding the need for further testing.
No Recovery If Tests Are Not Conducted on Time
Another vital test in pregnancy is the detailed ultrasound, commonly referred to as the quadruple test, performed between weeks 19 and 22 to screen for fetal anomalies. This screening assesses whether the baby has any congenital disabilities. Approximately 3% of babies are born with birth defects—some are minor and pose no significant health concerns, while others have serious implications. If a baby is diagnosed with a severe anomaly, delivery should be planned in specialized centers for immediate medical intervention after birth. The fetal anomaly screening, conducted between weeks 19 and 22, should be performed by experienced professionals who can determine appropriate medical steps based on detected anomalies. These tests are time-sensitive, and missing them leaves no room for correction.
Glucose Screening Test Between Weeks 24 and 28
The glucose screening test is conducted between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy. Recent media reports have incorrectly suggested that this test may be harmful, yet scientific studies have shown that it involves a glucose intake far lower than the amounts consumed in daily life. Conducting this test at the appropriate time is crucial for detecting gestational diabetes and protecting maternal and fetal health.
