
Internal Medicine Specialist Dr. Ali ZÜBERİ – When Should Antibiotics Be Used?
Antibiotics are effective medications that kill bacteria or stop their reproduction. Therefore, they should only be used for diseases caused by bacteria.
This means that antibiotics should not be used for illnesses such as colds and flu, which are caused by viruses and frequently seen in winter. Even if they are used, they will not be effective. Moreover, antibiotics can kill bacteria that are naturally present in the body, weakening the immune system and creating an environment for opportunistic bacteria to cause infections.
Common Mistakes in Antibiotic Use
Antibiotics should never be taken without a doctor's prescription. If prescribed, they must be used at the recommended dose and duration.
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Thinking “It worked for me before, I'll take the same one” is a serious mistake.
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Even a single tablet can prevent the bacteria causing a urinary tract infection from growing in a culture, making diagnosis harder.
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Unnecessary and long-term use of antibiotics can lead to resistance.
Things to Consider When Taking Antibiotics
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Allergies are a common issue. If someone has previously had an allergic reaction to an antibiotic, they must inform their doctor.
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If side effects or allergies occur during treatment, the patient should consult their doctor to either stop taking the antibiotic or switch to an alternative treatment.
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Correct timing matters. Antibiotics should be taken at the prescribed intervals, and patients must adjust their meals accordingly if necessary.
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Avoid alcohol while taking antibiotics or any medication whenever possible.
Consequences of Unconscious Antibiotic Use
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Antibiotic resistance can develop. Bacteria adapt to survive, making certain antibiotics ineffective.
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Beneficial bacteria in the body can be destroyed, leading to further health issues.
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Yeast infections in the mouth (thrush) and digestive problems like diarrhea can occur due to antibiotic use.
Is It Riskier for Children and Pregnant Women?
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Not all antibiotics are safe for children, pregnant women, or breastfeeding mothers.
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Some antibiotics can cause tooth discoloration or hinder growth in children.
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Certain antibiotics may affect fetal development or cause pregnancy complications.
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In elderly patients, interaction with other medications must be monitored carefully.
What Is the Situation in Türkiye Regarding Antibiotic Use?
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In Türkiye, 50% of antibiotics are used unnecessarily.
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21% of total medication costs are due to antibiotics.
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European and American countries have much lower antibiotic usage rates.
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Using antibiotics for every fever or runny nose leads to a higher rate of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The most important question before taking antibiotics: "Is an antibiotic truly necessary?"